Egypt’s fisheries represent a vital pillar of the national economy and a key source of food security, providing safe protein and stimulating related industries. Covering over 13 million feddans—roughly 150% of the country’s agricultural land—Egypt's aquatic resources span natural marine waters, lakes, freshwater rivers, and artificial reservoirs.

1. Marine Fisheries

Covering over 11 million feddans along 2,000 km of coastline, marine sources form the second-largest share of national fish production, though total yield remains low relative to their vast area.

• Mediterranean Sea (6.8 Million Feddans): Contributes ~11% of total national production, with its most productive area stretching between East Alexandria and Port Said due to a wide continental shelf (16–72 km).

• Red Sea & Gulf of Suez (4.4 million Feddans): Contributes ~8.81% of total production across key areas including El-Tor, Dahab, Hurghada, and Suez.

• Production Challenges:

  • Mediterranean: Low inherent fertility (half that of open oceans) and heavy pollution from surrounding countries.

  • Red Sea: Tourism expansion over coastal bays and lagoons (disrupting natural fish nurseries) and water circulation patterns that favor eastern shores (Saudi Arabia/Yemen).

2. Natural & Artificial Lakes

Egypt hosts several highly fertile lakes producing premium species like Sea Bream, Sea Bass, Mullet, Sole, and Shrimp.